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Publications

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JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS [Note: name* - corresponding author]

  1. Khan, Q. and Ku, T.* (2023). "Yielding evaluation of cemented soft clay under isotropic and anisotropic stress states using continuous Gmax measurements." Acta Geotechnica, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-02129-3

  2. Wong, D.Y-C., Ng, Y.C.H.*, Li, J., Ku, T., Goh, S.H., and Lee, F.H. (2023). "Wave reflection effects on bender element test of very stiff clay." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 149, No. 9,  https://doi.org/10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11514.

  3. Subramanian, S. and Ku, T.* (2023). "A framework to investigate the effect of sand on strength of cement-admixed clay." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 35, No. 7, https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-14465.

  4. Zhang, Y., Wei, X., Li, Y., Jeong, S. and Ku, T.* (2023). "Sediment thickness and average Vs prediction using HVSR of ambient seismic noise: case studies in Singapore." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 82, 195, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03195-3.

  5. Wang, Z.Z., Hu, Y., Guo, X., He, X., Kek, H.Y., Ku, T.*, Goh, S.H., and Leung C.F. (2023). "Predicting geological interfaces using stacking ensemble learning with multi-scale features." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2022-0365

  6. Yan, G., Zhang, F.*, Ku, T.*, Hao, Q., and Peng, J. (2023). "Experimental study and mechanism analysis on the effects of biaxial in-situ stress on hard rock blasting." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03205-y.

  7. Liu, Y., Ng, Y.C.H., Zhang, Y., Yang, P., and Ku, T.* (2023). "Incorporating geotechnical and geophysical investigations for underground obstruction detection: A case study." Underground Space, Vol. 11, 116-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2022.12.003.

  8. Lo, M.K., Loh, D.R.D., Chian, S.C., and Ku, T.* (2023). "Probabilistic prediction of consolidation settlement and pore water pressure using variational autoencoder neural network." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 149, No. 1, 10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-10555.

  9. Subramanian, S., Tee, W.Z., Moon, J., and Ku, T.* (2022). "Sustainable use of OPC-CSA blend for artificial cementation of sand: A dosage optimization study." Geomechanics and Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 4, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2022.31.4.409.    

  10. Yan, G., Zhang, F.*, Ku, T., and Hao, Q. (2022). "Experimental study on failure mechanism and geometric parameters of blasting crater under uniaxial static compressive stresses." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 81, No. 6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02714-y

  11. Ng, Y.C.H.*, Kek, H.Y., Hu, X., Wong, L.N., Teo, S., Ku, T. and Lee, F.H. (2022). "An approach for characterising electrical conductivity of cement-admixed clays." Soils and Foundations, Vol. 62, No. 2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101127

  12. Wei, X., Liu, H., Choo, H., and Ku, T.* (2022). "Correlating failure strength with wave velocities for cemented sands from the particle-level analysis." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 152, 107062, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.107062.

  13. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., and Ku, T.* (2021). "Soil/rock interface profiling using a new passive seismic survey: Autocorrelation seismic interferometry." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol 115, 104045, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104045.

  14. Abdialim, S., Hakimov, F., Kim, J., Ku, T., and Moon, S.W.* (2021). "Seismic site classification from HVSR data using the Rayleigh wave ellipticity inversion: A case study in Singapore." Earthquakes and Structures, Vol. 21, No. 3, 231-238, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.21.3.231

  15. Lo, M.K., Wei, X., Chian, S.C., and Ku, T.* (2021). "Bayesian network prediction of stiffness and shear strength of sand." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 147, No. 5, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002505.

  16. Wei, X., Liu, H., and Ku, T.* (2021). " Effects of plastic fines content on the engineering properties of cement-stabilized sands." Granular Matter, Vol. 23, 46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-021-01114-5.

  17. Lo, M.K., Leung, A.Y.F.*, and Ku, T. (2021). "Variability response function approach for foundation reliability." Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 64, 103129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2021.103129.

  18. Jumassultan, A., Sagidullina, N., Kim, J., Ku, T., and Moon, S.W.* (2021). "Performance of cement-stabilized sand subjected to freeze-thaw cycles." Geomechanics and Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 1, http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.25.1.041.

  19. Liu, Y., Zhang Y., Nilot, E., Ng, T.C.H., Yang, P., and Ku, T.* (2021). "Detection of a shallow-buried rock obstruction using 2D full waveform inversion." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 143. 106644, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106644.

  20. Ku, T.*, Subramaniam, P., Zhang, Y., Moon, S.W., Wei, X., Huang, E.S., Kumarasamy, J., and Goh, K.H. (2021). "Practical configured Microtremor Array Measurements (MAM) for geological investigation of underground space." Underground Space (Invited paper for a special issue titled “Digital Geology and Machine Learning in Tunneling”), Vol. 6, No. 3, 240-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.undsp.2020.01.004.

  21. Wei, X., Liu, H., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Microscale analysis to characterize effects of water content on the strength of cement stabilized sand-clay mixtures." Acta Geotechnica, Vol. 15, No. 10, 2905-2923, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-01018-3.

  22. Subramanian, S., Khan, Q., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Effect of sand on the stiffness characteristics of cement-stabilized clay." Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120192.

  23. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., and Ku, T.* (2020). "A modified seismic reflection approach for engineering geology investigation in fractured rock zones." Engineering Geology, Vol. 270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105592.

  24. Moon, S.W., Kim, R.E., Cheng, C.C., Li, Y., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Post-processing of background noise from SCPT auto source signal: A feasibility study for soil type classification." Measurement, Vol. 156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107610

  25. Subramanian, S., Zhang, Y., Vinoth, G., Moon, J., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Hydraulic conductivity of cemented sand from experiments and 3D image based numerical analysis." Geomechanics and Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 5, 423-432, http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.5.423.

  26. Shaldykova, A., Moon, S.W.*, Kim, J., Lee, D., Ku, T., and Zhussupbekov, A. (2020). "Comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the design of shallow foundations." Applied Sciences, Vol.10, No.8, 2920, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082920.

  27. Liu, Y., Yang, P.*, Ku, T., and Gao, S. (2020). "Effect of different nanoparticles on the grouting performance of cement-based grouts in dynamic water condition." Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118663.

  28. Khan, Q., Moon, S.W., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Idealized sine wave approach to determine arrival times of shear wave signals using bender elements." Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 43, No. 1, 171-193, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20170121

  29. Moon, S.W.*, Zhanar, B., Khan, Q., and Ku, T. (2020). Discussion of “Dynamic Characterization of Sand Stabilized with Cement and RHA and Reinforced with Polypropylene Fiber“, by Ali Ghorbani and Maysam Salimzadehshooiili, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 32, No. 8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003291.

  30. Moon, S.W., Vinoth, G., Subramanian, S., Kim, J., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Effect of fine particles on strength and stiffness of cement treated sand." Granular Matter, Vol. 22, 9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-019-0975-6.

  31. Subramaniam, P., Zhang, Y., Ng, Y.C.H., and Ku, T.* (2020). "Modal Analysis of Rayleigh Waves using Classical MASW-MAM Approach: Site Investigation in a Reclaimed Land." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 128, 105902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105902.

  32. Moon, S.W.*, Zhanar, B., Khan, Q., and Ku, T. (2020). Discussion on “Shear wave velocity of zeolite-cement grouted sands”, by Afshin Kordnaeij, Reza Ziaie Moayed and Majid Soleimanib [Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 122 (2019) 196–210]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 128, 105845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105845.

  33. Wei, X. and Ku, T.* (2020). "New design chart for geotechnical ground improvement: characterizing cement stabilized sand." Acta Geotechnica, Vol. 15, No. 4, 999-1011, 10.1007/s11440-019-00838-2.

  34. Moon, S.W., Subramaniam, P., Zhang, Y., Vinoth, G., and Ku, T.* (2019). "Bedrock depth evaluation using microtremor measurement: empirical guidelines at weathered granite formation in Singapore." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103866.

  35. Lee, C., Nam, H., Lee, W., Choo, H.*, and Ku, T. (2019). "Estimating UCS of cement-grouted sand using characteristics of sand and UCS of pure grout." Geomechanics and Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 4, 343-352, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.4.343.

  36. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., and Ku, T.* (2019). "Geotechnical site investigation for tunneling and underground works by advanced passive surface wave survey." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 90, 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.05.003.

  37. Subramaniam, P., Banerjee, S., and Ku, T.* (2019). "Shear modulus and damping ratio model for cement treated clay." International Journal of Geomechanics, ASCE, Vol. 19, No. 7, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001448.

  38. Zhang, Y., Li, Y.E., Zhang, H. and Ku, T.* (2019). "Near-surface site investigation by seismic interferometry using urban traffic noise in Singapore." Geophysics, SEG, Vol. 84, No. 2, P. B169-B180, 10.1190/GEO2017-0798.1.

  39. Subramanian, S., Khan, Q., and Ku, T.* (2019). "Strength development and prediction of calcium sulfoaluminate treated sand with optimized gypsum for replacing OPC in ground improvement." Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 202, 308-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.121

  40. Subramaniam, P., Zhang, Y., and Ku, T.* (2019) "Underground survey to locate weathered bedrock depth using noninvasive microtremor measurements in Jurong sedimentary formation, Singapore." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 86, 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.01.005

  41. Khan, Q., Subramanian, S., Wong, D.Y.C., and Ku, T.* (2019). "Bender elements in stiff cemented clay: shear wave velocity correction by applying wavelength considerations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 56, No. 7, 1034-1041, https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0153

  42. Subramanian, S., Moon, S.W., Moon, J. and Ku, T.* (2018). "CSA treated sand for geotechnical application: Microstructure analysis and rapid strength development." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 30, No. 12,  10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002523

  43. Vinoth, G., Moon, S.W., Moon, J. and Ku, T.* (2018). "Early strength development in cement-treated sand using low-carbon rapid-hardening cements." Soils and Foundations, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1200-1211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.07.001  

  44. Moon, S.W., Ng, Y.C.H., and Ku, T.* (2018). "Global semi-empirical relationships for correlating soil unit weight with shear wave velocity by void-ratio function." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 55, No. 8, 1193-1199, 10.1139/cgj-2017-0226. 

  45. Moon, S.W. and Ku, T.* (2018) "Undrained shear strength in cohesive soils estimated by directional modes of in-situ shear wave velocity." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 5, 2851-2868, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0508-9

  46. Jung, J.W., Ku, T., and Ahn, J.* (2017). "Small strain stiffness of unsaturated sands containing a polyacrylamide solution." Materials, 10(4), 401; 10.3390/ma10040401.

  47. Moon, S.W. and Ku, T.* (2017). "Reply to the discussion by Danziger F.A.B and Jannuzzi G.M.F on Development of global correlation models between in-situ stress-normalized shear wave velocity and soil unit weight for plastic soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 54, No. 12, 1790–1792, 10.1139/cgj-2017-0239.

  48. Moon, S.W., Hayashi, K., and Ku, T.* (2017). "Estimating spatial variations in bedrock depth and weathering degree in decomposed granite from surface waves." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 143, No.7, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001679.

  49. Ku, T.*, Subramanian, S., Moon, S.W., and Jung, J.W. (2017). "Stress dependency of shear wave velocity measurements in soils." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 143, No.2, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.000159.

  50. Ku, T.*, Moon, S.W., and Gutierrez, B.J. (2016). "Advanced application of seismic cone penetration test at complex ground conditions." Engineering Geology, Vol. 210, 140-147, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.06.009 

  51. Moon, S.W. and Ku, T.* (2016). "Development of global correlation models between in-situ stress-normalized shear wave velocity and soil unit weight for plastic soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 53, No. 10, 1600-1611, 10.1139/cgj-2016-0015.

  52. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2015). "In situ lateral stress coefficient (K0) from shear wave velocity measurements in soils."  Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 141, No. 12, 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001354. 

  53. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2015). "Directional properties of small strain shear stiffness in soils." Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 68-81. 10.1080/17486025.2014.921332

  54. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2014). "Stress history profiling using OCD-G0 anisotropy relationship." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) - Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 167, No. 5, 476-490.  10.1680/geng.13.00023

  55. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2013). "Evaluating the in-situ lateral stress coefficient (K0) of soils via paired shear wave velocity modes." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 139, No. 5, 775-787.  10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000756

  56. Ku, T.*, Mayne, P.W., and Cargill, E. (2013). "Continuous-interval shear wave velocity profiling by auto-source and seismic piezocone tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 50, No. 4, 382-390. (Honor : CGJ Editor’s choice  ̶  May 2013) 10.1139/cgj-2012-0278

  57. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2013). "Yield stress history evaluated from paired in-situ shear moduli of different modes." Engineering Geology, Vol. 152, No. 1, 122-132. 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.001

  58. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2013). "Profiling of K0 lateral stress coefficient in soils using paired directional G0 ratios." Journal of Applied Geophysics, Vol. 94, 15-21. 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.04.002

  59. Ku, T.*, Weemees, I., Cargill, E., Mayne, P.W., and Woeller, D. (2013). "Post-processing continuous shear wave signals taken during cone penetrometer testing." Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 36, No. 4, 543-552.  10.1520/GTJ20120013

  60. Ku, T.*, and Mayne, P.W. (2012). "Frequent-interval SDMT and continuous SCPTu for detailed shear wave velocity profiling in soils." Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, Vol. 43, No. 4, 34-40

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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

  1. Subramanian, S., Khan, Q., Moon, S.W. and Ku, T. (2023). “A review of mix design terminologies for cement-admixed sandy clay.” Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (IS-Porto 2023), 4p.

  2. Abdialim, S., Hakimov, F., Ku, T., Kim, J. and Moon, S.W. (2023). “Evaluating the coefficient of lateral stress at rest (K0) of granular materials under repetitive loading conditions.” Proceedings of 17th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Astana, Kazakhstan, 1609-1613.

  3. Ham, H., Seo, Y., Go, H., Choo, H. and Ku, T. (2023). “Evaluating the coefficient of lateral stress at rest (K0) of granular materials under repetitive loading conditions.” Proceedings of 17th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Astana, Kazakhstan, 1604-1608.

  4. Zhang, Y., Ku, T., Goh, K.H., and Jeyatharan, K. (2021). “Case study of geophysical surveys for profiling soil / rock interface in Singapore.” Proceeding of 6th International Conference on Geotechncial and Geophysical Site Characterization (ISC’6), Budapest, Hungary, 7p.

  5. Lo, M.K., Wei, X., Chian, S.C., and Ku, T. (2020). “Bayesian network characterization of shear wave velocity for sands.” Proceeding of 7th Asian-Pacific Symposium on Structural Reliability and Its Applications (APSSRA2020), Tokyo, Japan, 362-366.

  6. Li, Y. E., Zhang, Y., Nilot, E., and Ku, T. (2020). “Passive seismic methods for shallow and deep bedrock detection in Singapore.” SEG Global Meeting Abstracts, 176-180.

  7. Ng, Y.C.H., Zhang, Y., and Ku, T. (2019). “Shear wave velocity profiling in Jurong Formation of Singapore using MASW – a Case Study in Complex Geological Formation.” International Conference on Case Histories & Soil Properties (ICCS2019), Singapore, 8p.

  8. Ku, T., Subramanian, S., and Moon, S.W. (2019). “Effect of gypsum on the strength of CSA treated sand.” Proceedings of 16th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Taipei, 4p.

  9. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, H., and Ku, T. (2019). “Near-surface bedrock profiling using urban ambient noise: An autocorrelation approach.” SEG International Exposition and 89th Annual Meeting, 3126-3130, https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2019-3214321.1.

  10. Subramanian, S., and Ku, T. (2019). “Yielding behaviour of cemented binary mixture.” Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (IS-Glasgow 2019), E3S Web Conf. Vol 92, 11007, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199211007.

  11. Khan, Q., Ng, Y.C.H., and Ku, T. (2019). “Small strain stiffness of artificially cemented soft clay: modelling the effect of structure degradation.” Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (IS-Glasgow 2019), E3S Web Conf. Vol 92, 11009, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199211009.

  12. Ng, Y.C.H., Danovan, W., and Ku, T. (2019). “The potential of seismic cross-hole tomography for geotechnical site investigation.” Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (IS-Glasgow 2019), E3S Web Conf. Vol 92, 18006, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199218006.

  13. Subramanian, S., and Ku, T. (2018). “Compressibility of cemented binary mixture.” Proc. The 31st KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 4p.

  14. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., and Ku, T. (2018). “Autocorrelation-based geophysical bedrock mapping using ambient noise.” Proc. The 31st KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 4p.

  15. Ng, Y.C.H., Li, Y., and Ku, T. (2018). “Time-picking methods for seismic cross-hole data with low signal-to-noise ratio.” Proc. The 31st KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 4p.

  16. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, H., and Ku, T. (2018). “Optimized passive seismic interferometry for bedrock detection: A Singapore case study.” SEG International Exposition and 88th Annual Meeting, 2506-2510, 10.1190/segam2018-2988512.1

  17. Vinoth, G., Moon, S.W., Kim, J., and Ku, T. (2018). "Effect of fine particles on cement treated sand." Proceedings of China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Vol. 1, 847-851.

  18. Mussabayeva, A., Kim, J., Lee, D., Ku, T., and Moon, S.W. (2018). "Numerical investigation of drilled shafts near an embankment slope under combined torque-lateral load scenario." Proceedings of China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Vol. 2, 1512-1515.

  19. Subramanian, S. and Ku, T. (2017). "Behaviour of cement treated Singapore marine clay with sand." Proc. The Thirtieth KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 4p.  

  20. Moon, S.W. and Ku, T. (2017). "Estimation of bedrock locations and weathering degree using shear wave velocity-based approach." 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE2017), Korean Geotechnical Society, 627-630.

  21. Khan, Q, Subramanian, S., Moon, S.W. and Ku, T. (2017) "Determining arrival time of shear waves in bender element test: Idealized sine wave approach." 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE2017), Korean Geotechnical Society, 411-414.

  22. Moon, S.W. and Ku, T. (2016). "Empirical estimation of soil unit weight and undrained shear strength from shear wave velocity measurements." 5th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization (ISC'5), Australian Geomechanics Society, Vol 2, 1247-1252.

  23. Agaiby, S.S., Cargill, E., Ku, T., and Mayne, P.W. (2016). "Continuous-interval seismic piezocone testing in Piedmont residuum." 5th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization (ISC'5), Australian Geomechanics Society, Vol 2, 1065-1070.

  24. Moon, S.W., Khan, Q., and Ku, T. (2016). "Application of MASW methods for investigation of shear wave velocity in residual soils of Singapore." Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress (GEO-SEI 2016), ASCE, 1688-1699. 

  25. Moon, S.W., Khan, Q., and Ku, T. (2015). "Shear wave velocity based estimation of soil unit weight and undrained shear strength on soft ground." International Conference on Soft Ground Engineering (ICSGE2015), Singapore: 853-861.

  26. Moon, S.W. and Ku, T. (2015). "Determination of in-situ shear wave velocity profile in Singapore from MASW." Near Surface Asia Pacific Conference (2015 SEG Conf.), Waikoloa, Hawaii, 4p.

  27. Ku, T. (2013). "Anisotropy of small-strain stiffness related to geostatic stress state in soils." Proc. The Twenty-Sixth KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering, NUS, Singapore, 4p.

  28. Ku, T. and Mayne, P.W. (2012). "Feasibility and sensitivity analysis of at-rest lateral stress coefficient (K0) prediction using different types of shear wave velocities." Proc. GeoCongress 2012, GSP 225, ASCE, Reston, VA: 2639-2648.

  29. Ku, T., Mayne, P.W., and Gutierrez, B.J. (2012). "Shear wave profiles in Tertiary marine sediments in west central South Carolina." 4th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization, Vol. 2, (Proc. ISC-4, Pernambuco, Brazil), CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, London: 1259-1265.

  30. Ku, T., Mayne, P.W., and Gutierrez, B.J. (2011). "Hierarchy of Vs modes and stress-dependency in geomaterials."  Proceedings, 5th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, Seoul, Vol.1, Taylor & Francis Group, London: 533-540.

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PRESENTATIONS

  1. Ku, T. (2023). “Evaluating the influence of sand on strength development of cement-treated sandy clay using new mix design parameters.” 2023 Fall meeting, Korean Geosynthetics Society, Sunchon National University, Korea. [Selected as the best paper presentation]

  2. Ku, T. (2022). “Advanced Near-surface Geophysics for Geotechnical Site Investigation: Invasive and Non-invasive Methods.” Invited talk (SEP 2022), BK21 Seminar Series: New Frontiers of InfraSPHERE, Seoul National University.

  3. Ku, T. (2022). “Advanced Site Investigation by Near-surface Geophysics.” Invited talk (DEC 2022), Seminar by Technical Committee of Soil Dynamics & Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Korean Geotechnical Society, online.

  4. Ku, T. (2021). “Near-Surface Geophysics for Geotechnical Site Investigation: Case Studies in Singapore.” Invited talk - 4th Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience & Engineering, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

  5. Ku, T. (2020). “Geophysical site characterization: Advances in invasive and noninvasive survey methods.” 2nd US-Korea Geotech Workshop, Korean Geotechnical Society – North America (KGS-NA), University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

  6. Lo, M.C., Fu, N., and Ku, T. (2020). “Development of soil stratification from CPT based on machine learning.” Invited talk - Technical Sharing Session (Dec 2020), Land Transport Authority (LTA) Academy, Singapore.

  7. Ku, T. (2020). “Geophysical site investigation- Case studies: crosshole tomography & surface wave tests.” Invited talk (Aug 2020), Singapore Accreditation Council (SAC) Inspection Body – TC SI meeting, Singapore.

  8. Ku, T., Zhang, Y., Wei, X., and Li, Y. (2019). “HVSR processing and applications in Singapore.” SEG/EAGE Workshop: Geophysical Aspects of Smart Cities, Singapore.

  9. Nilot, E., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., and Ku, T. (2019). “Deep bedrock detection based on seismic interferometry using ambient noise in Singapore.” SEG/EAGE Workshop: Geophysical Aspects of Smart Cities, Singapore.

  10. Ku, T. (2019). “Advanced near-surface geophysics for geotechnical site investigation.” Invited talk (November 2019), Nazarbayev University, Nur-sultan, Kazakhstan.

  11. Zhang, Y. and Ku, T. (2019). “HVSR measurement and applications in Singapore.” 16th Annual Meeting of Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (July 2019), Session: Solid Earth Sciences – Geotechnical & Geophysical Site Characterization, Singapore.

  12. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., and Ku, T. (2019). “Challenges of near-surface seismic imaging.” 3rd NUS Upstream Petroleum Research Initiative (NUPRI) Workshop (May 2019), University Town, National University of Singapore.

  13. Subramanian, S. and Ku, T. (2018). “Strength of CSA treated sand with varying gypsum content.” 2018 International Academic Forum on the Urban Environmental Geo-engineering and Geo-hazard Prevention Technologies, NUS.

  14. Khan, Q., Subramanian, S., Wong, D.Y.C., and Ku, T. (2018) “Bender elements in stiff cemented clay: shear wave velocity (Vs) correction by applying wavelength considerations.” 2018 International Academic Forum on the Urban Environmental Geo-engineering and Geo-hazard Prevention Technologies, NUS.

  15. Wong, D.Y.C., Lee, F.H., Goh, S.H., and Ku, T. (2018). “Detection of heterogeneity in cement-admixed soil using geophysical measurements.” 2018 International Academic Forum on the Urban Environmental Geo-engineering and Geo-hazard Prevention Technologies, NUS.

  16. Ng, Y.C.H., Danovan, W., and Ku, T. (2018). "Seismic cross-hole tomography for near-surface site investigation: a case study on a reclaimed land." GeoShanghai International Conference 2018, China. (Honor - Best Poster Award)

  17. Ku, T. and Ng, Y.C.H. (2018). "Application of in-situ seismic waves for geotechnical site characterization." Invited talk (May 2018), Tongji University, China.

  18. Zhang, Y.*, Li, Y., Zhang, H., and Ku, T. (2018). "Near-surface site investigation by seismic interferometry using urban traffic noise." 2nd NUPRI Workshop (May 2018), University Town, National University of Singapore.

  19. Ku, T. (2017). "Seismic wave-based geocharacterization: post-processing of auto source SCPT signal & bedrock estimation using MASW." Invited talk (June 2017), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.

  20. Subramaniam, P., Zhang, Y., and Ku, T. (2017). "Non-invasive geophysical study for bedrock evaluation - part I & II (Poster Presentation)." LTA Future Mobility Symposium 2017, Suntec City Convention, Singapore.

  21. Ku, T. (2016). "Geophysical site investigations: surface wave method & continuous-interval SCPT." Invited talk (June 2016), Kyung Hee University, Suwon-si, South Korea.

  22. Ku, T. (2016). "Non-invasive geophysical study for bedrock evaluation." Inaugural TRC@NUS Workshop, NUS-LTA Transport Research Center, Singapore.

  23. Ku, T. (2016). "Geophysical site characterization using in-situ seismic waves." Invited talk (FEB 2016), Arizona State University, US.

  24. Ku, T. (2015). "Geophysical site characterization: some advanced geotechnical applications." Invited talk (June 2015), Geotechnical Seminar, Geotechnical Society of Singapore, Singapore.

  25. Ku, T. (2014). "Wave-based geocharacterization: some recent applications." Invited talk (June 2014), Korea Institute of Civil Engineering & Building Technology, Goyang-si, South Korea.

  26. Ku, T. (2013). "Evaluation of stress history & geostatic stress state using directional shear waves." Invited talk (July 2013), Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

  27. Ku, T., Weemees, I., Cargill, E., Mayne, P.W., and Woeller, D. (2012). "Post-processing of continuous shear wave signals."  ASTM D-18 Symposium, Dynamic Testing of Soil & Rock: Field and Laboratory, San Diego, CA.

  28. Ku, T., Mayne, P.W., and Gutierrez, B.J. (2010). "Difficulties in evaluating geotechnical stress state at Savannah River Site, South Carolina (Oral Presentation)." AEG Annual Meeting, Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists (AEG), Charleston, SC.

  29. Ku, T., Mayne, P.W., and Gutierrez, B.J. (2010). "Hierarchy of shear wave velocity modes in soils (Oral Presentation)." AEG Annual Meeting, Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists (AEG), Charleston, SC.

  30. Ku, T., and Mayne, P.W. (2011). "Shear wave velocity-stress relationship in soil (Poster Presentation)." Georgia Tech Research and Innovation Conference (GTRIC 2011), GT Student Ballroom, Atlanta, GA.

  31. Ku, T., and Mayne, P.W. (2011). "Post-processing of continuous shear wave signals (Poster Presentation)." 14th Annual George F. Sowers Symposium, GT Student Ballroom, Atlanta, GA.

  32. Ku, T., Mayne, P.W., and Gutierrez, B.J. (2010). "Geostatic stress state and stiffness anisotropy from directional shear wave velocity measurements at SRS (Poster Presentation)." 13th Annual George F. Sowers Symposium, GT Student Ballroom, Atlanta, GA.

  33. Ku, T., Gutierrez, B.J. and Mayne, P.W. (2009). "Stiffness anisotropy from directional shear wave velocities at SRS (Poster Presentation)." 12th Annual George F. Sowers Symposium, GT Student Ballroom, Atlanta, GA.

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Near-surface site investigation by seismic interferometry using urban traffic noise in Singapore

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Among many geophysical surveys, passive seismic methods (using passive energy sources) are the least intrusive/disturbing and environmentally friendly. For instance, passive seismic surveys make use of existing urban ambient noise to extract a near-surface shear wave velocity profile, which leads to an efficient mapping of the soil stratigraphy and soil/rock interface. This research introduces cross-correlation seismic interferometry, a new and feasible surface wave survey to complement geotechnical site investigation. Cross-correlation seismic interferometry uses ambient noise as a source to estimate the Green’s functions received by geophones.

Soil/rock interface profiling using a new passive seismic survey: Autocorrelation seismic interferometry

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Soil/rock interface detection is an essential and critical task in geological site investigation for underground and tunnel projects. The required accuracy is within a few meters both vertically and horizontally. The required resolution poses big challenges to geophysical surveys to be applied in near-surface engineering works. This paper presents a new approach of non-invasive geophysical survey, namely autocorrelation. It is originally derived from seismic interferometry cross-correlation, which can convert a physical geophone to a virtual source. To the extreme is autocorrelation. It turns a single geophone into a self-source receiver.

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Sustainable Low-Carbon Rapid-hardening CSA Cement for Geotechnical Applications

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The objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement in geotechnical applications, especially targeting cement-stabilized ground improvement. The use of CSA cement significantly reduces the carbon footprint of the conventionally used Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which is a new alternative to benefit the efforts against global warming and climate change.

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